Stratas Advisors is pleased to present current diesel market share by sulfur in select countries including historical data dating as far back as 2010.

Analysis

Vice President, Fuels

Huiming Li

Lead Analyst, Americas

Luis Erazo

Senior Analyst, Asia Pacific

Casey Tan

Clean Energy Analyst

Lukian De Boni

Huiming Li,Luis Erazo,Anas Abdoun,Casey Tan,Lukian De Boni

Agriculture

Marine 

Power 

Road Transportation 

Agriculture,Marine ,Power ,Road Transportation 

<p>Sulfur continues to be the key parameter of focus for diesel fuel, with sulfur limits ranging from 10 ppm to 10,000 ppm for on-road diesel grades, and from 10 ppm to 30,000 ppm for off-road diesel grades. Stratas Advisors observes that across the globe, sulfur is harmonized in diesel fuel used for on-road and off-road applications in the regions of Europe, North America and most parts of the Middle East. In the full report, Stratas Advisors assessed a total of 54 countries to have two or more diesel grades on their markets (including off-road grades), which is one more than last year&rsquo;s report as countries aim to harmonize their diesel markets into a single grade.</p>
<p>In addition, around 19 countries have three or more diesel grades on their markets (including off-road grades). Among the emerging regions, Africa has the highest number of countries (20) with two or more diesel grades on their markets, followed by Latin America (13), Asia Pacific (10), CIS (6), Middle East (4), and Europe (1). Lower sulfur diesel grades can often be found in countries with mandates to supply the grade in metropolitan cities to address air pollution issues (e.g. Mexico, Peru), or voluntarily supplied by oil companies in major cities or at select stations for use by more advanced diesel passenger cars and vehicles (e.g. South Africa, Vietnam).</p>
<p>The full report contains data on diesel market share by sulfur in select countries including historical data dating back to 2010 and&nbsp;does not include analysis for sulfur limits in heating oils.</p>
<h2><a href="https://www.stratasadvisors.com/members/50-ppm-sulfur-diesel-continues-to-dominate-in-17-countries-with-two-or-more-diesel-market-grades/03282025"><em>Read more&nbsp;&gt;&gt;</em></a></h2>
<h2><em>_________________</em></h2>
<h3><em>Related services:</em></h3>
<h3><em><a href="https://www.stratasadvisors.com/services/fuels---markets/global-fuel-specifications" title="" target="">Global Fuel Specifications</a></em></h3>

50 PPM Sulfur Diesel Continues to Dominate in 17 Countries with Two or More Diesel Market Grades

<div class="mce-toc">
<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="#mcetoc_1inaqi3v3p1"></a></li>
<li><a href="#mcetoc_1inaqi3v3p2">Key Points</a></li>
<li><a href="#mcetoc_1inaqi3v3p3">Global Overview</a></li>
<li><a href="#mcetoc_1inaqi3v3p4">Regional Overviews</a></li>
<li><a href="#mcetoc_1inaqi3v3p5">Appendix</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 id="mcetoc_1inaqi3v3p1"></h2>
<h2 id="mcetoc_1inaqi3v3p2"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Key Points</span></span></h2>
<ul>
<li>A total of 54 countries have two or more diesel grades on their markets (including off-road grades);</li>
<li>Around 19 countries have three or more diesel grades on their markets (including off-road grades);</li>
<li>Sulfur is harmonized in on-road and off-road diesel in the regions of Europe, North America and most parts of the Middle East;</li>
<li>Africa has the highest number of countries (20) with two or more diesel grades on their markets, followed by Latin America (13), Asia Pacific (10), CIS (6), Middle East (4), and Europe (1);</li>
<li>Lower sulfur diesel is often available in major cities or select stations, mostly driven by mandatory supply for the former or voluntary supply for the latter;</li>
<li>50 ppm sulfur diesel accounts for the majority of the diesel pool in 17 countries with two or more diesel grades including Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Benin, Botswana, Ghana, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Mauritius, Mozambique, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Uruguay, and Zambia;</li>
<li>10 ppm sulfur diesel accounts for the majority of the diesel pool in five countries of Brazil, India, Lebanon, South Africa, and Spain; and</li>
<li>Off-road grades typically contain much higher sulfur but account for a very small market share in six countries of Bangladesh, Benin, Brazil, Cote d&rsquo;Ivoire, India, and Indonesia.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="mcetoc_1inaqi3v3p3"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Global Overview</span></span></h2>
<p>Stratas Advisors is pleased to present current diesel market share by sulfur in select countries including historical data dating back to 2010 (see <a href="#anchor">Appendix</a>). As noted in Analysis, <a href="https://www.stratasadvisors.com/members/2024-global-overview-and-outlook-of-on-road-diesel-quality-vehicle-emissions-and-fuel-efficiency/10292024">Oct. 29, 2024</a> and <a href="https://www.stratasadvisors.com/members/2024-global-overview-and-outlook-of-off-road-diesel-quality-vehicle-emissions-and-fuel-efficiency/11262024">Nov. 26, 2024</a>, sulfur continues to be the key parameter of focus for diesel fuel, with sulfur limits ranging from 10 ppm to 10,000 ppm for on-road diesel grades, and from 10 ppm to 30,000 ppm for off-road diesel grades. This report does not include analysis for sulfur limits in heating oils.</p>
<p>Stratas Advisors observes that across the globe, sulfur is harmonized in diesel fuel used for on-road and off-road applications in the regions of Europe, North America and most parts of the Middle East. In this year&rsquo;s report, Stratas Advisors assessed a total of 54 countries to have two or more diesel grades on their markets (including off-road grades), which is one more than last year&rsquo;s report as countries aim to harmonize their diesel markets into a single grade (see Analysis, <a href="https://www.stratasadvisors.com/members/50-ppm-sulfur-diesel-continues-to-dominate-in-16-countries-with-two-or-more-diesel-market-grades/05312024">May 31, 2024</a>). In addition, around 19 countries have three or more diesel grades on their markets (including off-road grades). Among the emerging regions, Africa has the highest number of countries (20) with two or more diesel grades on their markets, followed by Latin America (13), Asia Pacific (10), CIS (6), Middle East (4), and Europe (1) (see map below). Lower sulfur diesel grades can often be found in countries with mandates to supply the grade in metropolitan cities to address air pollution issues (e.g. Mexico, Peru), or voluntarily supplied by oil companies in major cities or at select stations for use by more advanced diesel passenger cars and vehicles (e.g. South Africa, Vietnam).</p>
<p>As for off-road diesel, Stratas Advisors observes that in six countries in the regions of Africa, Asia Pacific and Latin America, the off-road grades typically contain much higher sulfur (between 1,800 ppm and 15,000 ppm) but account for a very small market share (&lt;5%) depending on country. These countries include Bangladesh, Benin, Brazil, Cote d&rsquo;Ivoire, India, and Indonesia. On the other hand, in Ecuador where there are two off-road diesel grades with sulfur limits of 7,000 ppm and 3,000 ppm, the former accounts for a higher share of the country's diesel pool at 27.9%.</p>
<p><strong>Countries with Single or Multiple Diesel Sulfur Market Grades</strong></p>
<p><strong><img src="https://cdn.aglty.io/stratas-advisors/upload/mceu_58327808111743044573291.jpg"></strong></p>
<p><em>Source: Stratas Advisors, May 2025</em></p>
<h3>Changes Since Last Report&nbsp;</h3>
<p><strong>Africa</strong>: New information for Sierra Leone was added to the Appendix. In Sierra Leone, Stratas Advisors found out that 10 ppm sulfur diesel was imported by Aminata &amp; Sons in April 2024 and 500 ppm was made available by TotalEnergies in 2016, though its operations have been acquired by Conex Oil in 2021. The country&rsquo;s diesel sulfur limit is likely to remain at 5,000 ppm, thus there are likely to be three diesel grades available on the market.</p>
<p><strong>Asia Pacific</strong>: In Indonesia, the Solar 51 grade with a sulfur limit of 50 ppm overtook Solar 48 as the dominant grade from 2024.</p>
<p><strong>Europe</strong>: Bosnia &amp; Herzegovina put into place legislation requiring 10 ppm from December 2023, thus it no longer has 50 ppm sulfur diesel on the market and only has a single grade of 10 ppm currently.</p>
<p><strong>Middle East</strong>: Lebanon officially required 10 ppm since Dec. 19, 2024, thus phasing out 50 ppm and leaving only two diesel grades on the market with sulfur content of 10 ppm and 2,000 ppm respectively, where the latter is used for power generation.</p>
<p><strong>CIS</strong>: Information for Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan was updated in the Appendix.</p>
<h2 id="mcetoc_1inaqi3v3p4">Regional Overviews</h2>
<p>Looking at Africa, sulfur limits range from 10 ppm to 20,000 ppm depending on on-road or off-road use. Currently, 20 African countries have two or more diesel grades on their markets: Benin, Botswana, Cote d&rsquo;Ivoire, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Tunisia and Zambia. Looking at the Africa sheet of the spreadsheet in the Appendix, the majority of the countries shown in the table have 50 ppm sulfur diesel available on their markets, indicating a move to lower sulfur diesel in these countries mostly from Southern Africa and Eastern Africa. Furthermore, the share of 50 ppm sulfur diesel dominates in Benin, Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Mozambique, Tanzania and Zambia, while it is fully available in Burundi, Cape Verde, DR Congo, Eswatini, Gambia, Lesotho, Malawi, Rwanda, Seychelles, Somalia, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. Besides the 100% penetration of 10 ppm in Mayotte and Morocco, its share is increasing in South Africa as well with currently about 70%. On the other hand, 500 ppm sulfur diesel continues to dominate market share in Ethiopia, 3,000 ppm in Tunisia and 3,500 ppm in Cote d&rsquo;Ivoire.</p>
<p>Over in Asia Pacific, sulfur limits range from 10 ppm to 18,000 ppm depending on on-road or off-road use. As of 2025, 10 Asian countries have two or more diesel grades on their markets: Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Laos, Mongolia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam. Looking at India, 10 ppm sulfur diesel dominates the vast majority of the country&rsquo;s diesel pool. On the other hand, the 50 ppm grade accounts for the diesel majority in Bangladesh even though its actual content may be higher as diesel specifications allow the use of 500 ppm sulfur. In Indonesia, the Solar 51 grade overtook Solar 48 as the dominant grade from 2024 with a sulfur limit of 50 ppm. As for a number of countries that continue to allow higher sulfur diesel including Laos, Mongolia and Myanmar, 50 ppm and 10 ppm are becoming increasingly available in Laos and Myanmar due to imports from Singapore, as well as in Mongolia with imports from Russia.</p>
<p>In Europe, only Spain has two or more diesel grades on the market, as there are three classes of diesel available namely Diesel A (automotive), B (agricultural and marine), and Diesel C (heating). The maximum sulfur limit is 10 ppm for Diesel A and B, and 1,000 ppm for Diesel C and other gasoils. In 2024, Diesel A and B dominated the market share with 85.7%, and Diesel C and others with 14.3%.</p>
<p>In Latin America &amp; Caribbean, sulfur limits range from 10 ppm to 10,000 ppm depending on on-road or off-road use. Currently, 13 countries have two or more diesel grades on their markets: Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela. Among the countries, 10 ppm sulfur diesel dominates the majority of the diesel pool in Brazil, 50 ppm in Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay, and 500 ppm in Ecuador and Mexico. As for Argentina, Dominican Republic and Jamaica, the higher sulfur diesel grade dominates the diesel pool over the lower sulfur grade in each country. It is also worthwhile to note that Mexico&rsquo;s plans to require 15 ppm sulfur diesel nationwide by July 2019 did not materialize and has been delayed until 2026, judging from a gradual increase in penetration of 15 ppm from 14.1% in 2015 to only 18% currently. On the other hand, Brazil is well on track to meet the objective of phasing out its S500 and S1800 grades with the market share of S10 increasing from 18% in 2013 to 69.4% currently.</p>
<p>Generally, the Middle East uses a single diesel grade for both on-road and off-road sectors, except for Iraq and Lebanon which uses separate grades. As for the on-road sector, lower sulfur diesel fuel ranging between 10 ppm and 12,000 ppm is available on the markets of four countries i.e. Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan and Lebanon. Looking at the majority grade of the diesel pool, it is 10 ppm in Bahrain and Lebanon, and 10,000 ppm in Iraq, while in Jordan, the share of two sulfur grades of 10 ppm and 12,000 ppm is about evenly split in the country.</p>
<p>Last but not least, in the Russia &amp; CIS region, sulfur limits range from 10 ppm to 2,000 ppm depending on on-road or off-road use. Currently, six CIS countries have two or more diesel grades on their markets: Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, while there is 100% penetration of 10 ppm sulfur diesel in the countries of Armenia, Belarus and Russia. In Azerbaijan, 50 ppm is likely to dominate, although 500 ppm is also widespread and other sulfur levels are possibly available including 2,000 ppm, 350 ppm, and 100 ppm. In Kazakhstan &ndash; where diesel fuel not compliant with Class 4 is no longer allowed - the overwhelming majority of the diesel pool is dominated by 50 ppm (Euro 4-compliant), with a very minor presence of 10 ppm (mostly imported from Russia and Belarus). In Tajikistan, 50 ppm and 10 ppm sulfur diesel (i.e. Class 4 and 5 diesel) are likely to be predominant due to supply from refineries in Russia and Kazakhstan. According to official data in Kyrgyzstan where domestically produced diesel fuel only covers 10% of the demand (as of 2020), the structure of diesel fuel imports in 2019 was the following: 36.5% of 10 ppm, 17.5% of 350 ppm and 46% of the so-called "non-classified classes", where sulfur content might be up to 5,000 ppm.</p>
<p>As for Turkmenistan, diesel fuel is primarily available for agricultural purposes where the Turkmenbashy Oil Refinery Complex produces four diesel grades containing max sulfur limits of 2,000 ppm, 100 ppm, 50 ppm and 10 ppm. However, 50 ppm and 10 ppm sulfur diesel are not sold in Turkmenistan as they are intended for export, while the market share is not known for the remaining diesel grades used on the domestic market. In Uzbekistan, as per Presidential decree UP-5863 of Oct. 30, 2019, import of all motor fuel below Class 4 standard has been restricted since Jan. 1, 2023. At the moment, 50 ppm and 10 ppm are the only imported grades, mainly from Kazakhstan and Russia. Moreover, as of July 1, 2021, at least one retail station in each region of Uzbekistan must sell 10 ppm. Stratas Advisors expects that currently at least 20% of diesel fuel sold does not exceed 10 ppm. With the Presidential Decree No. PP-338, of Sept. 24, 2024 setting the maximum sulfur content for domestically produced diesel fuel in new refineries at 50 ppm starting from Jan 1, 2028, the Uzbek market is likely to become dominated by 50 ppm and 10 ppm in the next few years.</p>
<h3>Share of Low Sulfur Diesel&nbsp;</h3>
<p>Focusing on the countries with two or more diesel grades on their market, Stratas Advisors observes that 50 ppm dominates the diesel pool in 17 countries, while 10 ppm dominates the diesel pool in only five countries (see table and figure below).</p>
<p><strong>Countries with 10 ppm or 50 ppm Sulfur Diesel as Majority Grades</strong></p>
<table width="699">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="98">
<p><strong>Region</strong></p>
</td>
<td width="261">
<p><strong>Countries with 10 ppm as Majority Grade</strong></p>
</td>
<td width="339">
<p><strong>Countries with 50 ppm as Majority Grade</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="98">
<p>Africa</p>
</td>
<td width="261">
<p>South Africa</p>
</td>
<td width="339">
<p>Benin, Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="98">
<p>Asia Pacific</p>
</td>
<td width="261">
<p>India</p>
</td>
<td width="339">
<p>Bangladesh, Indonesia, Philippines</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="98">
<p>Europe</p>
</td>
<td width="261">
<p>Spain</p>
</td>
<td width="339">
<p>-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="98">
<p>Latin America</p>
</td>
<td width="261">
<p>Brazil</p>
</td>
<td width="339">
<p>Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="98">
<p>Middle East</p>
</td>
<td width="261">
<p>Lebanon</p>
</td>
<td width="339">
<p>-</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="98">
<p>Russia &amp; CIS</p>
</td>
<td width="261">
<p>-</p>
</td>
<td width="339">
<p>Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><em>Source: Stratas Advisors, May 2025</em></p>
<p><strong>Countries with 10 ppm or 50 ppm Sulfur Diesel as Majority Grades</strong></p>
<p><strong><img src="https://cdn.aglty.io/stratas-advisors/upload/mceu_49647389821743044893482.jpg"></strong></p>
<p>Note: Market share data not available for Azerbaijan, Philippines, Kazakhstan and Tajikistan.</p>
<p><em>Source: Stratas Advisors, May 2025</em></p>
<p>Looking solely at the on-road diesel pool in the above countries, it is worthwhile noting that the lower sulfur grade accounts for the majority in the following countries:</p>
<ul>
<li><u>Brazil</u>: 69.4% for 10 ppm vs. 30.4% for 500 ppm, where the jump in the current market share of 10 ppm from 66.5% in 2023 may be attributed to increased supply of cleaner fuels which provide less impact on the environment. Even during the COVID-19 pandemic, the country&rsquo;s production of diesel fuel was maintained despite fluctuations in imports during the same time frame. Furthermore, as part of Petrobras&rsquo; strategic plan, upgrades are planned for three refineries in the country to increase diesel production of the S-10 grade to potentially reach 100% national distribution by 2025;</li>
<li><u>Lebanon</u>: 90% for 10 ppm vs. 10% for 2,000 ppm, as the country&rsquo;s principal fuel providers are European refineries. 10 ppm is only used in the on-road sector, while the 2,000 ppm grade is used for electricity supply by the Electricity Corporation of Lebanon (EDL); and</li>
<li><u>Peru</u>: 96.6% for 50 ppm vs. 3.4% for 5,000 ppm, due to replacement of 5,000 ppm sulfur diesel with 50 ppm in stages by region, and was required nationwide from July 1, 2021 with the exception of Loreto and Ucayali, which continue to solely utilize the diesel grade containing max 5,000 ppm sulfur.</li>
<li><u>South Africa</u>: 70% for 10 ppm vs. 20% for 50 ppm and 10% for 500 ppm, as the 10 ppm sulfur requirement under the Clean Fuels 2 (CF2) regulation is set for July 2027, the share of low sulfur fuel in South Africa is now supported by an increase of diesel fuel imports, mostly coming from refineries in Europe and Middle East. Based on data from local and trading sources in South Africa, all current diesel fuel imports consist of 10 ppm sulfur diesel.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Share of Higher Sulfur Diesel&nbsp;</h3>
<p>The figure below shows nine countries with 200 ppm or higher sulfur diesel as their majority grades. They include Argentina, Cote d&rsquo;Ivoire, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Indonesia, Iraq, Jamaica, Mexico, Nigeria and Tunisia. It is worthwhile to note that the countries of Indonesia and Mexico have plans in place to further reduce their diesel sulfur limits or phase out higher sulfur diesel grades from their markets before the end of 2026. In addition, most of the countries shown in the figure below have existing refineries in place that require upgrades to be able to achieve further sulfur reductions.</p>
<p><strong>Countries with 200 ppm or Higher Sulfur Diesel as Majority Grades</strong></p>
<p><img src="https://cdn.aglty.io/stratas-advisors/upload/mceu_14160698431743045191641.jpg"></p>
<p><em>Source: Stratas Advisors, May 2025</em></p>
<h2 id="mcetoc_1inaqi3v3p5"><a id="anchor"></a>Appendix</h2>
<p><a href="https://cdn.aglty.io/stratas-advisors/upload/03282025-GFS-diesel-market-share-by-sulfur.xlsx" title="" target="">Click here</a> to download the spreadsheet.</p>

<p>Sulfur continues to be the key parameter of focus for diesel fuel, with sulfur limits ranging from 10 ppm to 10,000 ppm for on-road diesel grades, and from 10 ppm to 30,000 ppm for off-road diesel grades. Stratas Advisors observes that across the globe, sulfur is harmonized in diesel fuel used for on-road and off-road applications in the regions of Europe, North America and most parts of the Middle East. In the full report, Stratas Advisors assessed a total of 54 countries to have two or more diesel grades on their markets (including off-road grades), which is one more than last year&rsquo;s report as countries aim to harmonize their diesel markets into a single grade.</p>
<p>In addition, around 19 countries have three or more diesel grades on their markets (including off-road grades). Among the emerging regions, Africa has the highest number of countries (20) with two or more diesel grades on their markets, followed by Latin America (13), Asia Pacific (10), CIS (6), Middle East (4), and Europe (1). Lower sulfur diesel grades can often be found in countries with mandates to supply the grade in metropolitan cities to address air pollution issues (e.g. Mexico, Peru), or voluntarily supplied by oil companies in major cities or at select stations for use by more advanced diesel passenger cars and vehicles (e.g. South Africa, Vietnam).</p>
<p>The full report contains data on diesel market share by sulfur in select countries including historical data dating back to 2010 and does not include analysis for sulfur limits in heating oils...</p>
<h2 id="mcetoc_1inaqi3v3p2">Key Points</h2>
<ul>
<li>A total of 54 countries have two or more diesel grades on their markets (including off-road grades);</li>
<li>Around 19 countries have three or more diesel grades on their markets (including off-road grades);</li>
<li>Sulfur is harmonized in on-road and off-road diesel in the regions of Europe, North America and most parts of the Middle East;</li>
<li>Africa has the highest number of countries (20) with two or more diesel grades on their markets, followed by Latin America (13), Asia Pacific (10), CIS (6), Middle East (4), and Europe (1);</li>
<li>Lower sulfur diesel is often available in major cities or select stations, mostly driven by mandatory supply for the former or voluntary supply for the latter;</li>
<li>50 ppm sulfur diesel accounts for the majority of the diesel pool in 17 countries with two or more diesel grades including Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Benin, Botswana, Ghana, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Mauritius, Mozambique, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Uruguay, and Zambia;</li>
<li>10 ppm sulfur diesel accounts for the majority of the diesel pool in five countries of Brazil, India, Lebanon, South Africa, and Spain; and</li>
<li>Off-road grades typically contain much higher sulfur but account for a very small market share in six countries of Bangladesh, Benin, Brazil, Cote d&rsquo;Ivoire, India, and Indonesia.</li>
</ul>
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